Heating system



(No Model.) 4 2 shf'ets-sheen 1.

, A. G., PAUL.

- HEATING SYSTEM, No'. 526,733. Patented 01211.22; 1894. Y

f @o A 5% Mofa (No Model.) 2 sheets-sneez2- 1 A. G. PAUL.

, HEATING SYSTEM.

No. 526,733. I Patented'oot. 2, 1894.

ma/MWL.

,1.5 v jbination of a source of heat, a circulatory lsystem including radiators and the necessary ANDREW e.' rjAui., oF BoSToN, MASSACHUSETTS.

y HEATING SYSTEM.

A SPECIFICATION forming part of Lette-rs Patent No. 526,733, dated ctober.2','l1894. Application fiiea'nceniber 7,1891. Senn No. 414.222. (remodel.)

lTo: @ZZ when/i, it maf/y concern/i.`

Be itknown that I, ANDREW G. PAUL, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Boston, in the county of Sutlk and State of Masg sachusetts, have vinvented a new and useful Improvementln Heating Systems, of which the following is a full, clear,Y and exact specification, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof.

VAMy inventionisin the nature of an improvement upon the invention of Villiam P.

. 'Skiingtom described and claimed by him'in v his patent, No. 464,946, granted December 18,

My invention consists broadly in theco-mconnections, an intervening heating medium .Y between the source of heat and the system of such la nature that it cannot` be heated above a limited degree, and a positive air exhauster `connected with the System.

. It also consists in'combining with theother' j ff elements specified a circulatorysystem con- 25 taining a limited quantity of the heating vehicle. V H

- One form or embodiin'entof my inventionv is .shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings. A second form or embodiment of it is shown in Fig.-`2.v

Similar letters of reference refer to similar partsn the two iigures.

. f Referring to Fig. 1, a is a radiator or heater Vof an y ordinary or usual construction. ATwo `radiators are 'shown in the drawings, Abut any 'number of. radiators may Abe employed, ac-

' eor'dingtothe sizeof the building or place te be heated. f

. b is the supply pipe, connecting the radia- Vor other heating vapor is generated. This pipe b-has branches, one for each radiator, and'these branches are provided with suit able cocks or valves. l. l

d is the return pipe for the condensed lieating vehicle. This pipe isalso'provided with branches, one for each radiator,and these branches are providedwith suitable valves ,'or`cocks. u p

c is agenerating coil or boiler 1n,wh1ch the into vapor.

tors with the Ycoil or boiler c, where the steam` condensed 'heating vehicleis-'ag'ain turned" The return pipe d of the systeui is preferably connected with the lower endof the coil c and the supply pipe b is lpreferably connected with lthe upper end of the coil c. .The

coil c is arranged or Supported Vwithin the vessel or tank e, in such a manner as to cause the heated water which passes through the' tank e to come into contact withand 'heat the coil c. The pipe d is provided with a valvev fbymeans of which more of the heating ve- 'water passes fromthe boiler to the range to be heated in the ordinary way, and k is the' return waterL pipe leading from the range.f

This pipel lo is connected with the lower-'end of the tank e,so as to deliver the Warm water from/the range into the lower end of the tank.

Z Ais a pipe connecting the upper end of the tank e with the boiler h. The boiler his provided with the usual Safety valve and the voutlet pipe at the top.

m represents a gas jet underneath the tank e .by means of which* also the tank can be heated, if desired.

The parts g, h,' and j are inno respect different from the well-known arrangement of ranges and boilers.

- n' is an air pipehavingbranchesconnected with each radiator. These branches are pro vided with' suitablevalves or cocks o, preferably automatic valves designed to permit the 4.

escapeof air, but, to prevent the'escape of steam.- y

` p is an exhauster of any suitable construction, preferably an exhauster operated by a jet of Water, air or steam,- what is commonly termed an ejector.

'r represents a valve in the air pipe for controlling the operation of the exhauster. This valvefis o fithe well-known construction and acts toV turn on the water or steam that works the exhauster whenever the pressure inA the air pipe 'n between this valve r and the automatic valves o rises above some pre-deter-A mined point.

Having' describedmy improved apparatus,

I will now explain the operation of the'same.

I will suppose that the heating agent to be employed is steam. I introduce into the generating coil o r boiler c the proper quantity of Water. ,This quantityvisto be regulated in accordance with the size or' cubic contents of the system through which steam is to be circulated, and in accordance also with the degree or amount of heat to be employed in heating the heating vehicle and also in accordancewithA 'the pressure'ortemperature which is desired inthe heatingsystem. Such a quantity'of water must be employed as will produce when evaporated a sufticientquantity of steam to till the system and t'o convey \the necessary amount'ofheat'or heat units to accomplish the' work for which the system 25` is designed. A somewhat greater quantity of water is usually employed in the systemthan would be necessary to furnish the requisite amount of steam at'the required temperature and pressure if all the water were evaporated, for the reason that the water will 'ordinarilyj I not all -be turnedinto steam at any onetime, .s but in the usual operation-of lthe syst-em there will be some of the heating vehicle Vin condensedV form or'in the form of water!duringl `quantity of'water,because if this were'dong.

great as to cause danger of-explosion and by 40 v 4x vehicle morefheat would be absorbed and con the entire operation'. It is necessary of course, to avoid putting into the ysystem ftoo large a .the pressure in the system might become-so reason of the excessive amount of lthe heatingv veyed than was necessary and consequently there would be a, great-waste of heat which would also result in inconvenience or discernfort to the user of the system. Air is then exhausted from the system by means o f the air pipe n and the positive exhauster p,the

valve o operatingsto permit the escape of air from said system, and' the water in the coil c is heated. Y

` In my invention the h eat is conveyed-or imparted to the heating vehicle indirectly,

that is te say, through and by means of anintervening medium', such asA water for exgto the boiler h, through the pipe k, the tank in ordinary cases'at a temperature of about 212 Fahrenheit, and under a pressure about equal to atmospheric pressure. This current around the coil c in that tank and delivers up a part of, its heat to thecoilc and/thev water contained in the coil. Thevr exhaustion of air from. the system causes the pressure upon the water in the coil cltorbe reduced to `a point below atmospheric pressure; l By reaj-4 son-of this reduced pressure the water in the coil c will boil ata temperature less .than 212 Fahrenheit, the particular temperature atV which .it will boil depending upon the extent to which the pressure has` been'. reduced in' the system. Under these condi-tions the heat which is contained in the current 'of warm water passing -through the tank e will be boil. evaporated or turned into steam and the system will be filled withv steam at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure and at a telnas the systeinl'is filled with-steannthe au- 72 of water flows through the tank eand passes,

.85". sufficient to cause the waterin the coil c to 'p i Y The -water in the coil c will thus be tomatic valvesof the branches of :the air l pipes close, thusl preventing loss` of steam- 'through the air pipe. The system is new supi plied with steam. As the steam gives olf its '.heat in the system the steam iscondensed and the water of condensation flows from the radiators'through the return pipe -backto the generating coil or boiler c, where itis'- loo.

l'again' suppliedwith heat. froinythe warmv water in the tank 'e, and again turned into fsteam and circulated` through the 'system. f

.The circulation of the steam` is of course.

steam -in the radiators.` As the' steamcon#` u effected by means of the condensation ofthe denses inthe "radiators 'more steam y Hows `intothem'and thus th continuous.

hearrangement of the boiler hand range i g, with their connecting pipes, which is showne circulation is made rio,

in the drawing and which I employe-in my in-- I vention is the ordinary arran devieespln suchordinary construction the water in the boiler h`andthe gement of such' l arrangement or' l5 f -connecting'pipes isnot generally uunder a'` u pressure greaterthan vepounds above the atmosphere. Underths pressure the water cannotbe `heated above 228 Fahrenheit and ,generated in the range.v in the heating system will always be at a some-` what lower temperature than the current of. water by'which it 'is heated. Hence it follows that Ain the 'ease'su vehiclein the heatingsystem can not be heated ,it is generally not heated above 2129. This is true no matter how much heat is'employed or. v

The heating vehicle above or in fact quite up to 228` Fahrenheit, and will 'ordi-narilybe somewhat below 212. Y

In this way the amount of heat. which is 'imparted to the heating vehicle is limitedand v prevented from rising to'such a point as to l 99- 'perature lessthan-2'l29`1Fahrenheit. As soon p pposed the heating j 45 than dare actually used in the work ofheatend ahger the system, or cause waste of heat or discomfort. A

f By increa'singthev pressure on' the water in the boilerl h and connecting pipes, that water can be made to take up and to impart to the `heating vehicle in the heatin'g system a y higher degree of heat, and by' decreasing the pressure upon it the amount or degree of heat imparted to the heating vehicle in the .system can be decreased. Such devices are purposely constructed in such a way as to accumulation of steam in the boiler h.

my invention therefore an intervening heatof this, while sufficient heat is imparted to the prevent as far as possible the 'generation fr n ing medium is employed such as will furnish only a moderate or limited degree ofheat to the water in the heating system. As a result water in the system -to convert it into steam,

there isno danger of increasing the pressure of thesteam to such'a point aste endanger l, the satetylofthe apparatus.

When it is determined at what temp-erature itis desired to circulate the heating-vehicle in anygiven system, then by estimating the cubic contents of the system, and by putting into theY system a limited quantity ofl heating vehicle and subjecting it to a limited degree of heat in the manner already explained, lhedesired result can be obtained` 'with perfect safety. The amount of heat; lfurnished inthe system can th-us be adapted to the requirements of those using it wi hout waste, and with great economy and safety.

One feature of myinvent'ion is that but little heat iswasted, almost the entire number i of heat;V units imparted to the heating Vvehicle saryto convey the number of heatunits that are required to do Athe work of thesystem,

being utilized in the actual work of heating which the system performs. In ordinary methods of heating a much larger quantity of' heating vehicle is employed than is necesand a much larger number of heat units are constantly imparted to the heating'vehicle ing, the extra or superliuous number ol:` heat units being simply-wasted.4 vOttentimes this extra 'heat causes the building or place-to be overheated to the greatdiscomfortandinconvenience of those using the system.

In my inventionIpse as Anearly as possible the exact amount of heating vehicle which is necessary to carry or conveyrthe required numberof heat'units, and as a result of this almost all the heat units which I impart to the heating vehicle are given o by the heating vehicle `in the system and are -utilized in the proper workingof the system.

'As there` will be some`slght waste of the heatingvehicle or steainfrom time to time, I occasionally add a small quantity of `the Y heating agent to that already in the system through and'by means ol the valve f. I n

place of using the current of warm waterl passing fromI therange to the boiler to heat the coil c, I can ill the tank c with Water inA any way and heat this water by means of a gas jet, such as represented at m. This can be donefor example in a house where thereis no boiler or when -the boiler and range are not in use. In such a ease if the tank is left open to the atmosphere, the water in the tank Vcan be'heatedronly to 212 Fahrenheit, andV the heating vehicle in the system to a point somewhat below that. But-by inclosing the tank e and regulating the pressure uponk the water in it asby asafety or regula/ting pressure valve, the water .can beheated to a `higher point or degree, it desired, and the temperature in the lheating 'system correspending] y increased. If where the range and boiler are used as descibed,it beffound that for any reason the current of -warm water passing through the tank e is not heated suf-I ficiently or-to its full capacity in the range'for heater the gas Ajet m can be used for the purpose f securing'such additional heat'as may be required.

In Fig.,2 I have shown-a second form or modification of my improved apparatus. The

only dierence between this and the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 being that the coil c is enlarged and is placed directly in the boiler 4t, and a second coil Q is placed-in the tank e. This arrangement ofapparatus, ,pf course provides larger heating surface for the heat'- ing of water or other heating vehicle in :the

system, but in'other respects the apparatus. in its construction and operation is identical with that shown in Fig. 1.

It is apparent that the particular construction or form of the apparatus may be greatly varied.

Some ofv the, advantages-,of my inventiony may be secured by employing only so much of my invention as relates to the employment of an intervening heating mediumpwhich opcrates to limit the -amount or degree of heat J I ro 'My invention may beemployed also in av single` pipe heating system, that is one,in

which the steam or heating vehicleis supplied torthe heaters or radiators and the water of' condensation is returned through one and the same pipe. I have not shown my invention embodiedin a single` pipe system as 'the construction of 'a single pipe system is well known.'

It is obvious also that-in my invention the heating vehicle can `be circulated inthe system at apressure above atmospheric pressure,

if desired, by employing an interveningheatv ing mdium that can be' hearted to'Y apo'int 'above 212Fahrenheit, and by increasingthfe 4quantity of heating vehicle in the system.

v-The advantages ofiny improved system- 'will 'bereadily understood vfrom what has. already been Said.A Great economy results from the use of my invention. Thus an or;

- dinary dwelling house may be entirely heatedby steam without requiring the use of much.v valve 1o', while the retortsare fed, butduring more fuel than would be used ordinarily even were my apparatus not employed, that,

` -is to say', by utilizing the current f warm' tls ture; `This is-imparted to the water in the'hot water boileris wasted or lost -either by radiation from the boiler or by-radiation from other \parts ofthe'hot water system, and a consid-- erable part .of the heat which is used for proa dueing the steam in the heating :system in and thus a portion of the heatjthe range Ais utilized which if my invention 1 were not employed would simply pass up the i-f it were not utilized in this manner.

myinvention would be wasted or lost anyway. -`More' over, since. the water which'circulates. be-

- tween the boiler and range will not absorb orf take up-from the fire in the-range more than alimited quantity of heat, it follows that in the ordinary arrangement of boiler and range, a large quantity of theheat produced in the range is not absorbed by the water but passes up the4 chimney. When my invention is used-in connectionwith such boiler and range,

whatever amount of heat is imparted to the heating vehicle; in the heating lsystem from `1he water, an`elqual amount is again absorbed bythe Water when it iiows back l generated in chimney and be wasted'. .To putit in another way, my entire heating system is carriedon by utilizing a portion of what would other- .wise bewasted heat from the range or the4 hot water in the hot watersystem. The re vsultso far as economy is concerned is 'that the expense of operating my improved sys:

tem is very littleover and above the expense `of operating the range and the' hot water boiler and 'their connections; Moreover, my inven- '1 'tion makes it possible for a steam heating' system tobe used in any jdwelling house where a range-and hot water boiler are used,

at very'triiling additional expense and With'- vout any danger of explosion and without the necessity of employing anongineer.- i,

" -Ano'therV featureofl my improvement is itsl j simplicity both as toconstruction andoperagreat advantage. Where'a boiler is employed tion. The safety of `the apparatusis also' a' tothe range Atothe boiler toepas" Y there is always more or'less danger of explo# sion. With my invention such danger isen- -tirelydone away with, as the `quantity of s heating vehicle is limited inthe first place and the amount of heat that 'can be imparted to it is limited in the second place.

vThe pressure under which the system is operated and the temperature of the steani during its circulatienwill of course depend upon-the `quantity of water which is originallyiput into the system', and secondly, upon the quantity kof heat which is imparted'to this water. If alow pressure and temperature is desired in the system the quantity of Wateris reduced, or a ksmaller amount of heat is imparted to it, or both the `quantity of water ai'd the heat are reduced. In place of using the Vhot water from the range or boiler `for imparting heat to the'h eating vehicleany other suitable heating medium may boem: ployed that will absorb limited degreezof heat.

It is of course essential that the radiators and, connecting pipes should be made air tight, or as nearly so as possible, so as to prevent or decrease Ato the lowest-possible point and convey'onl'y'a the admission of aii into vit. Wheneverduringthe operation ofN my apparatus air does v collect in the same, the eXhauster may be 'put into operation and the air drawn out in this way.`V

Having described my invention, what l claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters- Patent, is-f- 1. The combination substantiallyas before set forth of a source of heat, a steam circulatory system including radiators and the necessary connections, an intervening heating medium between the source of heat and the system, substantially as described, and a positive system-4 4 2. The combination substantially as before set. forth, of a source of heat,a4 circulatory. system includin radiators and the necessary air 4exhaus'ter connected withthe tto connections, an containinga limited quantity of'the Heating vehicle, an intervening heating medium between-the source of heat and `the system,-substantially as described,

and apositive air exhauster connectedwith' the system. L l

3.' The combination, substantially as before l set forth, of the heaters, and supply and return pipe-of a heatingsystem, a boiler `or generating coil, an intervening heating medium for conveying heat to t-he'boiler or coil, substantiallyas described, a tank osuitable lao device to support said heating medium in contact with the .boiler or coil, an air pipe,`

and an4 exhausterfor exhaustingair through said air pipe.`

e. The combination with the heaiersand supply and return -pipe of a heating system, of a boiler or `v ening heatingmedium for conveying heat generating coil and an inter-L or. coil, adapted to absorby and convey only-a limitedA amount of heat, and a v .of the coiicgthetank e the'boiler h,-the range" :lo

tank or suitable device to support said heating medium in contact with the boiler or coil,

and an air pipe and exhauster for exhaaistingl air through said air pipe and a valve to-coutrol the passage of air thiough; the air pipe, u

substantially as setforth.

5. The combination with the heaters and supply and returnv pipe of a. heating system f gnand the connecting pipes 7', kanql, and, the air pipen provided with suitable valves and the exhauster p substantially as set forth.

A ANDREW G. PAUL. n

. Witnesses: n Y i ,l JN01 J. FINNELL,

. HERBERT H. GIBBs. 

